https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...21661623005259
Our ex-vivo results offer a potential explanation for the observation reported in several studies that have suggested a correlation between an increased number of prior vaccine doses and higher risk of contracting [[58], [59], [60], [61]]. For instance, a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis involving over 50,000 healthcare workers that found that the more doses of the mRNA vaccine received by the individuals, the higher their risk of COVID-19 [61]. Similarly, a study conducted in Iceland demonstrated that the likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection was higher among those who had received two or more vaccine doses compared to those who had received one dose or fewer [60]. In a multivariable analysis by Shrestha, it was revealed that among individuals with prior infection, receiving two doses instead of one was associated with elevated risk of COVID-19 [58]. It may be thus hypothesized that vaccination with mRNA-based vaccines causes dysregulation of innate immune responses, and that the consequences of this effect for protection against SARS-CoV-2 cannot be fully compensated by the induction of adaptive immune responses.
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