https://www.cureus.com/articles/1298...tive-review#!/
Abstract
Human prion protein and prion-like protein misfolding are widely recognized as playing a causal role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence relating to prion and prion-like disease, we extrapolate from the compelling evidence that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequences characteristic of a prion-like protein to infer its potential to cause neurodegenerative disease. We propose that vaccine-induced spike protein synthesis can facilitate the accumulation of toxic prion-like fibrils in neurons. We outline various pathways through which these proteins could be expected to distribute throughout the body. We review both cellular pathologies and the expression of disease that could become more frequent in those who have undergone mRNA vaccination. Specifically, we describe the spike protein’s contributions, via its prion-like properties, to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases; to clotting disorders within the vasculature; to further disease risk due to suppressed prion protein regulation in the context of widely prevalent insulin resistance; and to other health complications. We explain why these prion-like characteristics are more relevant to vaccine-related mRNA-induced spike proteins than natural infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Reassessment of the risk/benefit ratio of COVID-19 vaccination
A study published in the Lancet tracked the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines over time. It showed that once eight months had elapsed since the second injection of the two-injection series, immune function was lower than that among unvaccinated individuals [133]. While boosters can temporarily restore higher levels of antibodies, frequent boosters could further erode innate immune function for an indefinite period, leading to an increased risk of various infections and cancer.
In light of these considerations, the risk/benefit ratio for the mRNA vaccines needs to be reevaluated. With every vaccine comes a flood of spike protein released into the circulation, further advancing the potential for amyloidogenic effects and increasing the risk of future neurodegenerative disease. A comment by Kenji Yamamoto published in BMC is urging the medical community to keep track of the date of the most recent vaccination of hospital patients in order to be better able to assess what role the vaccine may have played in any manifest disease or condition. He also strongly discourages policy that promotes continued boosting of anyone other than the most at-risk patients to death from COVID-19 [134]. There is an urgent need for governments to reconsider a blind policy that assumes that repeated vaccine boosters are a valid approach to dealing with COVID-19.
Conclusions
We have examined the extensive literature concerning the prion-like properties of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Furthermore, we identify pathways through which the mRNA vaccines could be capable of delivering the spike protein to the brain, which we suggest happens via exosomes released from germinal centers in the spleen traveling up the vagus nerve, increasing the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Should this happen, it would be expected that the COVID-19 vaccines would shorten the time period before neurodegenerative disease manifests in susceptible individuals. We speculate that the age of onset of neurodegenerative disease at the population level will decrease in the future in countries where vaccine uptake has been high.
Particularly concerning is the evidence that CD16+ monocytes can continuously produce spike protein for months after vaccination, possibly through prolonged cytosolic presence of mRNA or reverse transcription of the mRNA into DNA. It has become clear that the antibodies induced through vaccination wane over time, necessitating frequent boosters to raise the antibody levels for sufficient protection from COVID-19. With each booster comes a compounded risk of future neurodegenerative disease. Fortunately, Omicron variant infection has a greatly reduced prion-like capability, and thus, with the cessation of mass vaccination, the expected increase in prion-like diseases could stabilize over the coming years.
Lord Xivan napisał
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